In Task 4.3 of the NH3CRAFT project, the compatibility between ammonia engines and associated auxiliary systems was investigated. The literature used for this assessment includes information provided by engine makers, up-to-date research activities, publications, rules from classification societies, and the IGF code applicability. The main purpose of the task was on the design of an ammonia fuel supply system, which includes components such as bunkering stations, storage tanks, , pipelines, fuel supply machinery, fuel valve units, vent systems, ventilation systems, bilge systems, purging and inert gas systems. For the bunkering station, several design aspects and factors such as ventilation, fire control, sensors, and means of escape shall be considered. Ammonia storage tanks require proper material selection, and monitoring equipment. Double-walled piping installations are necessary for the fuel supply network, with the dimensions of the piping varying based on operational parameters. Dedicated pumping units are installed for low pressure and high-pressure liquid ammonia transfer, while a heat exchanger ensures the supply of ammonia at the desired temperature. The fuel valve train is responsible for isolating/connecting the main engine with the auxiliary systems. All systems are located at the fuel preparation room which must be equipped with proper safety measures. A purging and inert gas supply system is necessary for gas freeing and safety purposes while the venting system and vapor processing system are necessary for leakage control and ammonia concentration reduction prior to vapor release. Harmful substances produced from the combustion of ammonia include ammonia slip, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, and nitrous oxide (N2O). A catalytic treatment system (Selective Catalyst Reactor – SCR) is the most promising solution for emissions reduction purposes. Sensors must be equipped in the fuel supply system for leakage detection and prevention of toxicity hazards. Overall, the ongoing research activities and the expected commercial availability of ammonia-fueled engines are likely to provide further insights into the requirements of ammonia-based propulsion systems.
NH3CRAFT is a Co-funded by the European Commission Project. UK participation in NH3CRAFT Project is funded by UK Research and Innovation(UKRI) under the UK government’s Horizon Europe guarantee [grant numbers 10038548 and 10037828].
